Indonesia and the Philippines: A tale of two democracies

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“In Southeast Asia, the Philippines and Indonesia are widely considered the only two electoral democracies in the region, having successfully conducted a number of presidential elections, which have been considered as largely fair, popular, and competitive. While neither of the two countries can be considered as a mature democracy, they have at least managed to qualify as what academics classify as a "minimalist-procedural" democracy.”

Read the commentary by Richard Javad Heydarian in Al Jazeera.

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