Sand shortage / China funding halt / Mining approval risks

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Sand shortage: Corruption and concrete dependence.  "Besides supply/demand economics attached to the huge quantities of sand being used - Singapore is the world's largest importer - criminal gangs are stealing sand in countries ranging from Jamaica to Nigeria."

Construction Equipment: https://www.constructionequipment.com/sand-shortage-corruption-and-concrete-dependence


China stops funding of 3 CPEC road projects in Pakistan over corruption reports; Beijing to issue new guidelines.  China has temporarily stopped funding at least three major road projects in Pakistan, being built as part of the $50 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, following reports of corruption.

First Post: http://www.firstpost.com/world/china-stops-funding-of-3-cpec-road-projects-in-pakistan-over-corruption-reports-beijing-to-issue-new-guidelines-4243237.html


Unearthing corruption risks in mining approvals.  "From resource-rich West Africans nations, to the mining giants of the Pacific and North America, every time a government signs a deal to allow mining of its natural resources there are corruption risks – no matter where that country is."

Transparency International: https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/unearthing_corruption_risks_in_mining_approvals

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